Resumo A infecção por micobactérias não tuberculosas é uma das doenças bacterianas crônicas mais comuns em peixes ornamentais de aquário e parece estar diretamente relacionada a práticas de manejo estressantes. Além disso, também representa potencial zoonótico. Aqui, apresentamos o isolamento e a caracterização de micobactérias não tuberculosas de peixes-anjo de água doce doentes (Pterophyllum scalare) em São Paulo, Brasil. Foram avaliadas nove fêmeas reprodutoras descartadas com sinais de doença. Os peixes exibiam letargia, perda de apetite, caquexia, úlceras cutâneas e exoftalmia. Na necropsia, quatro peixes apresentaram granulomas macroscópicos no baço. Mycobacterium chelonae, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, M. intracellulare e M. peregrinum foram isolados e identificados por análise de restrição por PCR de hsp65. A análise histopatológica revelou lesões microscópicas compatíveis com micobacteriose, e o bacilo de Mycobacterium foi observado pela coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen. Notavelmente, todas as espécies de Mycobacterium identificadas neste estudo já foram relatadas em pacientes humanos; portanto, animais doentes podem ser uma fonte de infecção para pessoas que manipulam peixes e aquários.

Abstract Nontuberculous mycobacteria infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial diseases in ornamental aquarium fish and appears to be directly related to stressful husbandry practices. Furthermore, it also represents zoonotic potential. Here we present the isolation and characterization of non-tuberculous mycobacteria from diseased freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) in São Paulo, Brazil. Nine discarded breeding females with signs of disease were evaluated. The fish exhibited lethargy, loss of appetite, cachexia, skin ulcers, and exophthalmia. At necropsy, four fishes presented macroscopic granulomas in the spleen. Mycobacterium chelonae, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, M. intracellulare and M. peregrinum were isolated and identified by hsp65 PCR restriction analysis. Histopathological analysis revealed microscopic lesions compatible with mycobacteriosis, and Mycobacterium bacillus were observed by Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Notably, all Mycobacterium species identified in this study have already been reported in human patients; therefore, diseased animals may be a source of infection for people who handle fish and aquariums.

Resumen Introducción: La obesidad mórbida se asocia a alteraciones de la capacidad de caminar, sin embargo se desconoce cómo es el comportamiento de la prueba de caminata de 6 minutos en sujetos con incrementos del índice de masa corporal (IMC). Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de la prueba de caminata de 6 minutos en sujetos con IMC normal hasta la obesidad mórbida. Métodos: Mediante un diseño transversal analítico se estudiaron sujetos de ambos sexos de 18 a 60 años con IMC: normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), sobrepeso (25-29.9 kg/m2), obesidad (30-39.9 kg/m2), obesidad mórbida (> 40 kg/m2). Se les realizó prueba de caminata de 6 minutos, se acotaron variables demográficas y antecedentes personales patológicos. Se analizaron las categorías de IMC con ANOVA de una vía y ajuste de Bonferroni y los sexos con prueba t, ambos para grupos independientes y correlaciones de Pearson para las diversas variables. Una p < 0.05 fue considerada estadísticamente significativa. Resultados: Se estudiaron 480 sujetos de ambos sexos en cuatro grupos. Edad: hombres 43 ± 11 y mujeres 45 ± 10 años. Porcentaje diabetes mellitus (6.7%), hipertensión arterial (18.3%). Metros caminados hombres vs. mujeres por IMC (normal: 483 ± 56 vs. 449 ± 61; sobrepeso: 471 ± 55 vs. 441 ± 44; obesidad: 455 ± 70 vs. 421 ± 47; obesidad mórbida: 443 ± 49 vs. 403 ± 54; p < 0.05). Correlación IMC-metros caminados r: –0.446 (p < 0.0001). Conclusiones: Los metros caminados en la prueba de caminata de 6 minutos disminuyeron conforme incrementó el IMC. El sexo masculino caminó más metros en todas las categorías.

Abstract Introduction: Morbid obesity is associated with alterations in the ability to walk, however, the behavior of the 6-minute walk test in subjects with increases in body mass index is unknown. Objective: To describe the behavior of the 6-minute walk test in subjects with normal body mass index to morbid obesity. Methods: Through an analytical cross-sectional design, subjects of both genders from 18 to 60 years old with body mass index were studied: Normal (BMI: 18.5-24.9); overweight (BMI: 25-29.9); obesity (BMI: 30-39.9); morbid obesity (BMI: > 40) kg/m2. A 6-minute walk test was performed, demographic variables and pathological personal history were delimited. BMI categories were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni adjustment, and gender with t-test, both for independent groups, and Pearson's correlations for the various variables. Results: 480 subjects of both genders were studied in four groups. Age: men 43 ± 11 and women 45 ± 10 years old. Percentage diabetes mellitus (6.7%), arterial hypertension (18.3%). Meters walked men vs. women by body mass index (normal: 483 ± 56 vs. 449 ± 61; overweight: 471 ± 55 vs. 441 ± 44; obesity: 455 ± 70 vs. 421 ± 47; morbid obesity: 443 ± 49 vs. 403 ± 54, p < 0.05). Correlation body mass index-meters walked: r: -0.446 (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Meters walked in the 6-minute walk test decreased as body mass index increased. The male gender walked more meters in all categories.

Resumen Introducción: La confiabilidad de la presión sistólica arterial pulmonar por ecocardiografía transtorácica se encuentra limitada por su variabilidad para definir la hipertensión pulmonar. Objetivo: Conocer la variabilidad en la presión sistólica arterial pulmonar estimada por ecocardiografía en la hipertensión pulmonar. Métodos: En el periodo 2016-2020 se captaron sujetos con hipertensión pulmonar que tuvieron estimada la presión sistólica de la arteria pulmonar por ecocardiografía transtorácica y por cateterismo cardiaco derecho. Se obtuvieron sus variables demográficas. Los datos se analizaron con el estadístico descriptivo de Bland-Altman y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (intervalo de confianza al 95%). Resultados: Se estudiaron 152 sujetos, edad 60 ± 12 años. Índice de masa corporal 27.64 ± 4.69 kg/m2. La presión sistólica de la arteria pulmonar por ecocardiografía transtorácica 58.99 ± 18.62 vs. cateterismo cardiaco 55.43 ± 16.79. Diferencia media (sesgo) –3.6 (29.1, –36.2) y coeficiente de correlación intraclase 0.717 (0.610, 0.794). Conclusiones: La variabilidad es amplia y el acuerdo es sustancial con la presión sistólica de la arteria pulmonar. Se aconseja estimarla solo como tamizaje de la hipertensión pulmonar.

Abstract Introduction: The reliability of pulmonary arterial systolic pressure by transthoracic echocardiography is limited by its variability to define pulmonary hypertension. Objective: To know the variability of pulmonary arterial systolic pressure estimated by echocardiography in pulmonary hypertension. Their demographic variables were obtained. Methods: From 2016-2020 subjects with pulmonary hypertension were recruited, with pulmonary artery systolic pressure estimated by transthoracic echocardiography and by right heart catheterization. Data were analyzed using the Bland-Altman descriptive statistic and the intraclass correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval). Results: 152 subjects, age 60 ± 12 years, were studied. Body mass index 27.64 ± 4.69 kg/m2. The pulmonary artery systolic pressure estimated by transthoracic echocardiography 58.99 ± 18.62 vs. cardiac catheterization 55.43 ± 16.79 mmHg. Mean difference (bias) –3.6 (29.1, –36.2) and intraclass correlation coefficient 0.717 (0.610, 0.794). Conclusions: Variability is wide, and agreement is substantial for pulmonary artery systolic pressure. It is recommended to estimate only as screening for pulmonary hypertension.

Resumen Este estudio investigó la percepción de médicos mexicanos sobre retrasos en la atención del cáncer de mama (CM) y el conocimiento de rutas de referencia (RR) diagnósticas y terapéuticas. Se realizó una encuesta digital anónima entre médicos mexicanos. Se recopilaron y analizaron datos sociodemográficos, institución laboral, percepción de retrasos y barreras en la atención del CM, conocimiento de RR, y plan de acción ante sospecha o diagnóstico de CM. 785 médicos completaron la encuesta; 87 (18%) y 11 (2%) participantes del sector público y privado, respectivamente, estimaron retrasos > 90 días. 179 (36%) de los encuestados del sector público y 328 (66%) del privado desconocían las RR institucionales. Desconocer las RR se asoció con mayor percepción de retrasos (p < 0.001). Aunque la mayoría de los encuestados no percibieron retrasos, una proporción importante desconoce las RR institucionales y no siguen un patrón de referencia homogéneo. Se debe priorizar la implementación de estrategias nacionales para fortalecer los servicios de salud y disminuir los retrasos en la atención del CM en México.

Abstract This study explored the perception of Mexican physicians on delays and referral pathways (RPs) in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer (BC). An anonymous online survey was conducted among physicians in Mexico. Sociodemographic data, affiliate institution, perceived delays and barriers to care, knowledge about RPs, and action plan for BC suspicion or diagnosis were collected and analyzed. In total, 785 physicians completed the survey. 87 (18%) and 11 (2%) healthcare providers from the public and private sectors, respectively, estimated delays > 90 days. 179 (36%) participants from the public and 328 (66%) from the private sector were unaware of standardized RPs for BC. Lack of knowledge about RPs was associated with perceiving greater delays in care (p < 0.001). Despite not perceiving delays in BC care, an important proportion of participants lacked knowledge about institutional RPs for BC care and did not follow a common RP. The development and implementation of national strategies aimed at strengthening health services and reducing delays in BC care should be a national priority.

Resumen La enfermedad arterial periférica (EAP) involucra una gran variedad de patologías en la circulación arterial, siendo la enfermedad ateroesclerótica oclusiva la principal causa. En pacientes en estadios más avanzados de la EAP se considera la revascularización de la zona afectada como tratamiento a seguir del manejo médico. Como una opción en el manejo endovascular tenemos la preparación del vaso para los distintos grados de calcificación. La litotricia intravascular (LIV), basada en la litotricia extracorpórea para la litiasis renal, es de recién incorporación al arsenal disponible para el tratamiento endovascular útil, mejorando la distensibilidad luminal y facilitando el tratamiento endovascular. Este ha demostrado una reducción significativa del grado de estenosis residual (≤ 30%), una menor tasa de complicaciones (1.4 frente a 6.8% en angioplastia) y menor necesidad de uso de angioplastia medicada o stent para mantener permeable el vaso tratado (LIV 5.2 y 4.6% comparado con 17 y 18.3%). Se presenta el caso de un paciente con EAP TASC C en quien se realizó LIV para tratamiento de la lesión, presentando un buen éxito técnico y clínico.

Abstract Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) involves a wide variety of pathologies that affects the arterial circulation, being the atherosclerotic occlusive disease the main cause. In patients in more advanced stages of PAD, revascularization of the affected area is considered a treatment to follow medical management. As an option in endovascular management, we have the preparation of the vessel for the different degrees of calcification. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL), based on extracorporeal lithotripsy for renal lithiasis, is a recent addition to the arsenal available for useful endovascular treatment, improving luminal distensibility and facilitate endovascular treatment, it has shown a significant reduction in the degree of residual stenosis (≤ 30%), a lower rate of complications (1.4 vs. 6.8% in angioplasty) and less need for the use of medicated angioplasty or stent to keep the treated vessel patent (LIV 5.2 and 4.6% compared to 17 and 18.3%). It is presented the case of a patient with TASC C PAD who underwent IVL, with good technical and clinical success.

Abstracto Introducción: En el 2008, el perfil de salud neurológico ecuatoriano presentaba importantes déficits, escasez de neurólogos e inaccesibilidad a residencias en neurología. Ese año una nueva constitución introdujo atención médica universal. Ninguna publicación ha analizado la capacidad de atención neurológica del Sistema de Salud Pública (SSP) del Ecuador. Un análisis actualizado del número de neurólogos y residencias neurológicas es necesario. Objetivo: Determinar el número de programas en neurología y si el SSP ecuatoriano cumple con el ratio ideal mínimo recomendado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud de 1 neurólogo por cada 100.000 habitantes. Métodos: Análisis transversal de datos hasta noviembre, 2022 del SSP y del Consejo de Educación Superior del Ecuador. Los ratio se calcularon acorde al Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos. Resultados: El SSP cuenta con noventa y cuatro neurólogos. Mayormente en Pichincha (37/39,4%) y Guayas (24/25,5%). Hay uno por provincia en cinco provincias; ninguno en ocho provincias. Dos provincias cumplieron el ratio ideal. Existen 0,54:100.000 neurólogos/habitantes y una residencia de neurología en Quito. Conclusión: El SSP ecuatoriano tiene escasez de neurólogos, incumpliendo el ratio ideal mínimo, y déficit de residencias en neurología. La descentralización de servicios neurológicos, soporte atención primaria, y financiamiento gubernamental para creación de residencias en neurología son necesidades urgentes.

Abstract Introduction: In 2008, Ecuador's neurologic healthcare profile displayed significant needs, a lack of neurologists, and neurology training accessibility. In that year, a new constitution introduced universal health care. No publication analyzes Ecuador's neurological Public Healthcare capacity. Hence, an up-to-date analysis of the number of neurologists and neurology training programs is required. Objective: Determine if Ecuador's public healthcare meets the minimum ideal ratio recommended by the World Health Organization of 1 neurologist per 100,000 population and the number of neurology training programs in Ecuador. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of public data until November 2022 from Ecuador's Public Health System (PHS) and the Council of Higher Education. Ratios were calculated using the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses' information. Results: The public health network had ninety-four neurologists. Most found in Pichincha (37/39.4%) and Guayas (24/25.5%). There was one per province in five provinces. No neurologists were available in eight provinces. Two provinces met the ideal ratio. Ecuador’s ratio was 0.54:100,000 neurologists per population. One neurology training program was found in Quito. Conclusion: Ecuador's PHS has a shortage of neurologists, unfulfilling the minimum ideal ratio, and a severe lack of neurology training. Decentralizing neurological services, primary care support, and governmental funding for neurology training are an urgent need.

Abstract: This research study typifies coffee farms in the Municipality of Buesaco (Nariño, Colombia) to implement adaptation technologies to climate change. The methodology applies a semi-structured survey and a descriptive-correlational statistical analysis. A hierarchical cluster is generated and different adaptation scenarios are assessed with the local community. The results show that the factors that generate the greatest perception of vulnerability due to variability and climate change are those associated with increases in frequency and intensity of rains and increase in temperatures. There is both poor implementation of adaptation technologies and intensive coffee agriculture. Coffee farmers perceive a negative impact on both socio-productive aspects and on the family’s economy. Therefore, an implementation and adoption of technologies is presented in terms of infrastructure, productive diversification, and agroecological practices. It is concluded that it is necessary to implement technologies for adapting to climate change and that the adaptation measures identified here for coffee farmers allow enhancing decision-making in the short, mid, and long terms.

Resumen: Esta investigación tipifica fincas cafeteras del municipio de Buesaco (Nariño, Colombia) para implementar tecnologías de adaptación al cambio climático. En la metodología se aplica una encuesta semiestructurada y un análisis estadístico descriptivo-correlacional. Se genera un clúster jerárquico y se priorizan participativamente alternativas de adaptación adecuadas para la zona. Los resultados muestran que los factores con mayor percepción a vulnerabilidad por variabilidad y cambio climático son aquellos asociados al incremento de frecuencia e intensidad de lluvias y al aumento de temperatura. Se observa baja implementación de tecnologías de adaptación y agricultura intensiva con café. Los productores de café perciben impactos negativos en aspectos socio-productivos y de economía familiar. Se propone una implementación de tecnologías en términos de infraestructura, diversificación productiva y prácticas agroecológicas. Se concluye que es necesario adoptar tecnologías encaminadas a la adaptación al cambio climático y que las medidas de adaptación identificadas para la comunidad caficultora permiten promover la toma de decisiones a corto, mediano y largo plazo.

Abstract: One of the fundamental components of smart cities is the smart grid characterized by various information and operational technologies that guarantee reliable and clean energy supply. For this reason, they are a fundamental pillar for achieving sustainability in the world in which we live. Despite the enormous advantages of the smart grid, it has quite a few challenges; one that has been fundamental in recent years is cybersecurity. The traditional approach to address cybersecurity issues generally does not consider the human factor as the main component. Recently, the concept of cyber hygiene has emerged, where the social and human aspect is fundamental since in the same similarity with traditional hygiene, the fact of carrying out personal care practices can contribute to improving people’s health, in this sense, having better personal cybersecurity practices will allow for better cybersecurity performance of systems. This work shows the implementation of cyber hygiene in the context of smart grid, showing a methodology to carry it out and applying it in the context of smart metering systems. The results show that the proposed method can successfully be used in the smart grid and can be applied to other contexts.

Abstract Introduction Septoplasty and turbinoplasty are common surgical interventions used to relieve nasal obstructive symptoms. Since it is difficult to measure the degree of nasal blockage, current literature wonders about the frequent performance of these procedures. Objective To evaluate the perceived change in the nasal obstruction and the quality of life (QoL) of patients that underwent a septoplasty along with a turbinoplasty by applying subjective scales, to describe the correlation between those scales, and to study the impact of clinical factors in the postoperative outcomes. Methods Prospective observational study. The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) were assessed. The paired sample Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the difference between the pre- and postoperative surveys. The correlation coefficient between the subjective scales was calculated. A quantile regression was performed to evaluate the effect of surgery on the results adjusted for clinical and demographic variables. Results A total of 115 patients were interviewed. Postoperative NOSE scores were 45 points lower (95% confidence interval [CI]: - 53.53–- 35.46; p < 0.001) in comparison with the NOSE preoperative scores. Obesity was the only statistically significant factor associated with worse outcomes. Additionally, we found a high correlation between the NOSE and VAS scores and a negative correlation between the GBI and postoperative VAS scores. Conclusion Nasal septoplasty, when paired with a turbinoplasty, decreases nasal obstruction and improves QoL. Obesity was associated with worse results. There was a strong correlation between the NOSE and the VAS results and between the GBI and postoperative VAS results.

Resumen Tanto el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) como la ansiedad son dos de los trastornos que más se evidencian en la población infanto-juvenil existiendo una correlación entre ambos tal y como se recoge en numerosos estudios. La combinación de ambos trastornos afecta a los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje del niño provocando dificultades de aprendizaje (DA) en el mismo. Los objetivos del presente trabajo se basaron en valorar los criterios que evidencian padres y profesores en niños con TDAH para caracterizar el grado de adecuación de la percepción y evaluar si esta se ajusta a la realidad o es insuficiente, si existen diferencias en dicha percepción entre padres y docentes; analizar la conciencia que tienen sobre las posibles DA que puedan presentar, para así aportar orientaciones adecuadas que permitan una favorable inter vención y evolución. La muestra se compone de 137 sujetos con edades comprendidas entre 9 y 15 años con un Coeficiente Intelectual Total (CIT) de entre 80 y 120. Los instrumentos que se utilizaron fueron: la escala de inteligencia de Wechsler para niños-V (WISC-V), el Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo en Niños(STAI-C), el Sistema de Evaluación de Niños y Adolescentes(SENA) y el Inventario de Problemas en la Escuela (IPE). Como resultado se observa que la ansiedad percibida por estos niños no está relacionada con la que aprecian padres y profesores, sin embargo, estos últimos sí que coinciden en su apreciación.

Abstract Both Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and anxiety are two of the disorders that are most evident in the infant-juvenile population and there is a correlation between the two, as shown in numerous studies. The combination of both disorders affects the child’s teaching-learning processes, causing learning difficulties (LD). The aims of the present study were based on assessing the criteria evidenced by parents and teachers in children with ADHD to characterize the degree of adequacy of perception and to evaluate whether this is in line with real ity or insufficient, whether there are differences in this perception between parents and teachers, and to analyze their awareness of the possible AD they may present, in order to provide appropriate guidelines for favourable intervention and evolution. The sample consisted of 137 subjects aged between 9 and 15 years with a Total IQ (TIQ) between 80 and 120. The instruments used were: the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-V (WISC-V), the State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire for Children (STAI-C), the Child and Adolescent Assessment System (SENA) and the Inventory of Problems at School (IPE). As a result, it is observed that the anxiety perceived by these children is not related to the anxiety perceived by parents and teachers, although the latter do coincide in their assessment.

Resumen Antecedentes. El cáncer pancreático es la séptima causa de muerte en el mundo, siendo el adenocarcinoma ductal del páncreas la neoplasia más frecuente. La mitad de los pacientes que son diagnosticados presentan metástasis al momento del diagnóstico. Objetivo. Se realizó una revisión sobre el tratamiento del adenocarcinoma pancreático resecable con enfermedad oligometastásica con el fin de presentar un panorama sobre la evidencia existente. Método. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed/Medline, Clinical Key e Index Medicus con términos MESH desde 1993 hasta 2022. Resultados. Los pacientes con metástasis hepáticas o pulmonares por adenocarcinoma ductal de páncreas que son sometidos a cirugía y quimioterapia tienen una mayor sobrevida en casos cuidadosamente seleccionados. Conclusiones. La evidencia respecto a la cirugía en pacientes con adenocarcinoma ductal de páncreas y oligometástasis es limitada y se necesitan ensayos controlados aleatorizados adicionales para ambos escenarios, así como criterios bien establecidos que ayuden a la selección de los pacientes que pueden recibir este tipo de tratamiento.

Abstract Background. Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of death worldwide, with ductal adenocarcinoma as the most frequent neoplasm. Half of the patients who are diagnosed have metastases at the time of diagnosis. Objective. A review of the treatment of resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma with oligometastatic disease was carried out in order to present an overview of the existing evidence. Method. A bibliographic search was carried in PubMed/Medline, Clinical Key and Index Medicus vhith MESH terms, from the year 1993 to 2022. Results. Patients with liver or lung metastases due to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who undergo surgery and chemotherapy have a longer survival in carefully selected patients. Conclusions. The evidence regarding surgery in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and oligometastasis is limited and further randomized controlled trials are needed for both scenarios. As well as established criteria that help the selection of patients who can receive this type of treatment.

ABSTRACT Previous geochronological data indicate a protracted Devonian magmatic activity developed in the Sierra de San Luis, Sierras Pampeanas of Argentina, with three major crystallization events: 393±3, 384±2, and 377±2 Ma. Previously reported whole-rock Sm-Nd isotopes data define two average distinctive εNdt values: -1.37 and -3.47, and they are consistent with new data presented here. The first signature is assumed for a parental magma with dominant metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) source, whereas the second signature could represent a parental magma derived of a lower continental crust source hybridized with magmas of the first signature. Notably, the new zircon Hf isotopes performed on the same zircon domains that were previously dated, indicate that the contribution of the source was variable over time. In situ Hf in zircon is relevant to evaluate the compositional evolution of the Devonian granitic magmas in the Sierra de San Luis, since the high variability of the εHft values recorded in zircons indicate that the calculated εNdt values for the samples can only be interpreted as a final picture of the petrogenetic process. Zircon Hf isotopes data suggest that the zircon crystallized from a magma with variable composition, recording two major events, yielding two εHft signatures: (1) -3.54 and (2) -6.85. A third composition, yield a less representative εHft value of -5.44, and represent a εHft signature (3).

RESUMEN Estudios integrados de isótopos de U-Pb y Hf en circón y Nd en roca total a partir de rocas graníticas devónicas en la Sierra de San Luis (Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina): implicancias petrogenéticas. Datos geocronológicos previos indican que una prolongada actividad magmática devónica se desarrolló en la Sierra de San Luis, Sierras Pampeanas de Argentina, con tres eventos de cristalización importantes: 393±3, 384±2 y 377±2 Ma. Datos previos de isótopos de Sm-Nd en roca total definen dos valores promedio distintivos de εNdt: -1,37 y -3,47, los cuales son consistentes con los nuevos datos presentados aquí. La primera signatura es asumida para un magma parental derivado de una dominante fuente de manto litosférico subcontinental metasomatizado (SCLM), mientras que la segunda signatura podría representar un magma parental derivado de una corteza continental inferior hibridado con un magma con la primera signatura. Notablemente, los nuevos datos de isótopos de Hf realizados en los mismos dominios de circón que se dataron previamente, indican que la contribución de la fuente fue variable a lo largo del tiempo. Los valores de Hf in situ en circón son relevantes para evaluar la evolución composicional de los magmas graníticos del Devónico en la Sierra de San Luis, ya que la alta variabilidad de los valores de εHft registrados en los circones, indica que los valores de εNdt calculados para las muestras solo pueden ser interpretados como una imagen final del proceso petrogenético. Los datos de isótopos de Hf en circón sugieren que este mineral cristalizó a partir de un magma con composición variable, con dos eventos principales, que produjeron dos signaturas de εHft: (1) -3,54 y (2) -6,85. Una tercera composición arroja un valor de εHft menos representativo de -5,44, y equivale a una signatura de εHft (3).